was ist ein guter hämoglobinwert — what are common causes?

A good hemoglobin level depends on age, sex, and altitude. For adult men, 13.5–17.5 g/dL is normal; for women, 12.0–15.5 g/dL. Children and pregnant women have different reference ranges. Common causes of low hemoglobin (anemia) include iron deficiency, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, chronic inflammation, blood loss (e.g., menstruation, GI bleeding), and bone marrow disorders. High hemoglobin can result from dehydration, chronic lung disease, smoking, or polycythemia vera. Genetic factors like thalassemias also affect hemoglobin levels. Importantly, a single lab value is not diagnostic; it must be interpreted in clinical context with other parameters (e.g., MCV, ferritin, transferrin saturation). If abnormal, a physician should investigate the cause. The evidence is based on clinical guidelines and population reference ranges, not on genetic tests. MyBody-X DNA tests do not directly measure hemoglobin.