When considering vitamin B12 and longevity, it's important to separate evidence from marketing. B12 is crucial for DNA synthesis, nerve function, and red blood cell formation. Deficiency can cause fatigue, cognitive decline, and elevated homocysteine – a cardiovascular risk factor that may impact lifespan. However, direct evidence that B12 supplementation extends longevity in healthy individuals is lacking from randomized trials. Genetic tests (e.g., FUT2 variants) show a small association with B12 levels, but the effect is modest. Instead of relying on DNA data, a blood test is the gold standard to assess status. Older adults are particularly at risk due to reduced absorption. A balanced diet with animal products or targeted supplementation under medical guidance is reasonable. Beware of over-supplementation: while B12 is generally safe, high doses do not guarantee longevity. The evidence linking B12 to longevity is moderate, based on observational studies and homocysteine pathways, not causal intervention trials.
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