Folic acid (vitamin B9) is critical for cell division and DNA synthesis – processes especially active in skin due to its rapid turnover. Deficiency can lead to pale, dry, or scaly skin and has been linked to premature skin aging. Additionally, folate participates in homocysteine metabolism; elevated homocysteine is considered a risk factor for collagen-degrading processes. Some observational studies suggest an association between low folate intake and increased skin susceptibility to UV damage. However, the evidence is largely mechanistic or derived from animal and cell models; robust human randomized controlled trials are lacking. Direct-to-consumer genetic tests that claim to link VDR or other variants to 'skin health' are not clinically validated. A balanced diet rich in folate (leafy greens, legumes) is advisable, but supplementation beyond the recommended daily intake has no proven benefit for skin health.
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