warum nehme ich zu trotz kaloriendefizit — what are common causes?

Gaining weight despite a calorie deficit is frustrating but has several plausible explanations beyond simple thermodynamics. Common causes include: 1) **Metabolic adaptation** – prolonged calorie restriction lowers resting metabolic rate, reducing the actual deficit. 2) **Water retention** – from sodium, carbohydrates, hormonal cycles, or inflammation can mask fat loss on the scale. 3) **Hormonal issues** – hypothyroidism, high cortisol (stress), or insulin resistance can impair fat oxidation. 4) **Medications** – e.g., antidepressants, corticosteroids, beta-blockers. 5) **Inaccurate tracking** – underestimating calorie intake or overestimating exercise expenditure is very common. 6) **Body composition changes** – gaining muscle while losing fat may keep weight stable or even increase it. 7) **Medical conditions** – PCOS, sleep apnea, chronic inflammation. The laws of thermodynamics still hold, but measurement error and physiological adaptations can obscure progress. If the deficit is verified and weight still increases, consult a doctor to rule out endocrine or metabolic disorders. Evidence is mostly practice-based and mechanistic; no direct genetic data from the provided context supports a specific cause.