Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis, nerve function, and red blood cell formation. Deficiency can mimic aging-related symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive decline, and unsteady gait. Observational studies link low B12 levels to increased frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults. However, there is no strong randomized controlled trial evidence that B12 supplementation extends lifespan in healthy individuals with normal levels. For at-risk groups (elderly, vegans, those with malabsorption), correcting a deficiency is important and may indirectly support healthy longevity. In well-nourished people without deficiency, extra B12 has no proven longevity benefit. B12 is water-soluble and safe even at high doses, but unnecessary. The evidence is moderate – based on observational data, not intervention trials. Bottom line: B12 is a critical nutrient, but not a longevity miracle. Knowing your status and acting if deficient is sufficient.
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