Kefir is a fermented dairy product rich in probiotic bacteria and yeasts. Many people ask whether daily kefir consumption improves digestion or boosts immunity. The available evidence is mostly mechanistic or based on small studies. There are indications that kefir can aid lactose digestion in individuals with mild lactose intolerance because fermentation reduces lactose content. It may also transiently modulate gut microbiota, but long-term effects vary individually. For people with celiac disease risk (e.g., HLA-DQA1 variants), kefir is generally safe as long as no gluten cross-contamination occurs. Importantly, kefir is not a substitute for medical treatment. Marketing claims often exaggerate health benefits. Moderate daily intake (e.g., 100–200 ml) is safe for most adults, but sensitive individuals may experience bloating or discomfort. Evidence: mechanistic to mixed. Sources: no direct PMIDs in context.
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