was kostet ein blutbild — what are common causes?

The cost of a blood test (complete blood count, CBC) in Germany depends on insurance coverage. Public health insurance covers it only with a medical indication (e.g., suspected illness, preventive check-up from age 35). Without indication, as an individual health service (IGeL), a small CBC costs about €5–10, a large CBC €20–40, plus additional parameters. Private insurance often reimburses according to the fee schedule. Common causes of abnormal blood values include: infections (elevated leukocytes, CRP), iron deficiency (low hemoglobin, ferritin), vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, thyroid dysfunction (TSH), liver or kidney disease (GOT, GPT, creatinine), diabetes (HbA1c, fasting glucose), and inflammation. A single abnormal value is not necessarily pathological – reference ranges are population-based. Important: self-tests or DNA analyses cannot replace a blood test. For persistent symptoms or risk factors, medical evaluation with targeted lab diagnostics is essential. The evidence for these costs and causes is based on general medical practice and fee schedules, not on a specific study from the provided context.