CYP1A2 metabolizes caffeine and also contributes to estrogen 2-hydroxylation, a key pathway in hormone clearance. Slow metabolizers (e.g., carriers of the *1F allele) may have altered estrogen breakdown, which could theoretically affect fertility by shifting the estrogen metabolite balance. However, direct evidence linking CYP1A2 variants to fertility outcomes is limited and mostly mechanistic or observational. Studies on endometriosis or IVF outcomes are inconclusive. Fertility is multifactorial, involving hormonal, genetic, and lifestyle factors. A single DNA variant cannot predict or diagnose fertility issues. Caffeine intake should be moderated when trying to conceive, regardless of genotype. For personalized advice, consult a reproductive endocrinologist.
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