Vitamin D is found naturally in few foods: fatty fish (salmon, herring, mackerel), cod liver oil, egg yolks, and UV-exposed mushrooms. Many countries fortify foods like milk, margarine, and breakfast cereals. However, the primary source remains sunlight (UVB) on skin. You should see a doctor if you have symptoms of deficiency: persistent fatigue, bone or back pain, muscle weakness, frequent infections, or low mood. At-risk groups – dark-skinned individuals, older adults, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases, or those with limited sun exposure – should consider testing. A blood test (25-hydroxyvitamin D) is the only reliable way to assess status. While direct-to-consumer tests (e.g., MyBody-X) can provide a snapshot, they are not a substitute for medical evaluation. Supplementation is only advised if deficiency is confirmed; excessive intake can cause toxicity. Evidence for routine testing in asymptomatic healthy adults is moderate at best. Always consult a physician before starting high-dose supplements.
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