Evidence check: AMH in the context of Sport

AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) is discussed in sports medicine primarily as a marker of ovarian reserve in female athletes. Intense training, especially endurance exercise, has been associated with lower AMH levels – possibly due to low energy availability (RED-S) or hypothalamic amenorrhea. However, the evidence is moderate, based mostly on cross-sectional and observational studies. AMH is not a direct performance biomarker but an indicator of reproductive health. A low AMH does not necessarily predict impaired fertility, especially in young athletes. AMH is also influenced by genetics, age, and hormonal contraceptives. Routine AMH screening in athletes is not currently recommended, but it may be useful in the context of RED-S evaluation. Interpretation should always be done in a clinical context with a specialist. The evidence level is 'human-moderate' as there are no randomized controlled trials proving a causal link between AMH and athletic performance.