How are BDNF and Allergie related?

The relationship between BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and allergies is complex and not fully understood. BDNF is primarily known as a neurotrophic factor that supports neuronal survival and plasticity. However, emerging evidence indicates it also plays a role in immune regulation, particularly in allergic inflammation. Studies suggest BDNF may be involved in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis by modulating mast cell degranulation, eosinophil activity, and neuronal hypersensitivity. Both elevated and reduced BDNF levels have been reported in allergic individuals, suggesting context-dependent effects. The evidence is largely derived from animal models, in vitro experiments, and small clinical observational studies. No large-scale randomized controlled trials have established a causal link. Therefore, the clinical utility for individual risk prediction or treatment is limited. Genetic testing for BDNF variants (e.g., Val66Met) may offer minor insights into allergy susceptibility but should not be used in isolation for decision-making. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.