What role does FADS1 play in gut health?

FADS1 encodes delta-5 desaturase, a key enzyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, converting dietary linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid into arachidonic acid and EPA. These fatty acids influence gut health through several pathways: they modulate inflammatory responses via eicosanoid signaling, support intestinal barrier integrity, and may alter gut microbiota composition. Genetic variants in FADS1 (e.g., rs174547) are associated with altered PUFA levels and have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in GWAS. However, direct causal evidence for a role in human gut health is moderate. Most data come from association studies or mechanistic models. A consumer DNA test can detect FADS1 variants, but clinical interpretation for individual gut health remains uncertain. Adjusting fat intake based on FADS1 genetics is not yet well-supported. For existing gut conditions, medical advice is recommended.