What to watch with HDL and longevity?

HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is traditionally considered 'good cholesterol,' but the evidence linking it directly to longevity is mixed. Observational studies show a U-shaped relationship: very high HDL (>80 mg/dL) may paradoxically increase mortality. Furthermore, randomized trials of drugs that raise HDL (e.g., CETP inhibitors) failed to reduce cardiovascular events or extend lifespan. HDL functionality—such as cholesterol efflux capacity—appears more relevant than absolute levels. Genetic variants that increase HDL (e.g., in CETP) are not consistently associated with longevity. For consumers, relying on HDL alone as a longevity marker is misleading. Lifestyle factors (exercise, Mediterranean diet, not smoking) improve HDL and overall health. Be cautious of supplements claiming to boost HDL without proven benefit.