Can HDL help with gut health?

The question of whether HDL (high-density lipoprotein) can promote gut health is not yet scientifically resolved. HDL is primarily known for its role in reverse cholesterol transport and its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. There is evidence from animal and in vitro studies that HDL may influence gut microbiome composition and strengthen the intestinal mucosal barrier. For example, HDL has been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce systemic inflammation, which could indirectly benefit the gut. However, randomized controlled trials in humans demonstrating a causal link are lacking. The evidence is therefore mechanistic. Moreover, HDL is not a direct therapeutic for the gut; lifestyle measures that raise HDL (exercise, Mediterranean diet) are generally cardioprotective but not specifically recommended for gut health. Consumers should not take supplements to boost HDL with the aim of improving gut health, as this is unproven and may carry risks (e.g., unwanted interactions).