Can Magnesium help with blood sugar?

Magnesium plays a key role in glucose metabolism, acting as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes, including those involved in insulin secretion and action. Epidemiological studies link low magnesium levels to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Intervention trials with magnesium supplementation show modest improvements in insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose, especially in individuals with magnesium deficiency or at high risk. However, results are not consistent across all studies, and the clinical impact is limited. Magnesium should not replace a healthy diet, exercise, or diabetes medication. A blood test can identify deficiency before considering supplementation. Overall, the evidence is moderate and does not support a blanket recommendation for all people with blood sugar issues. Targeted supplementation may be beneficial when deficiency is confirmed.