wie kann man den cortisolspiegel messen — what symptoms are typical?

Cortisol can be measured via blood, saliva, urine, or hair. Blood and saliva reflect current levels; 24-hour urine or hair analysis capture longer-term exposure. Typical symptoms of high cortisol (Cushing syndrome) include weight gain (face, abdomen), thin skin, high blood pressure, mood swings, and insomnia. Low cortisol (adrenal insufficiency) presents with fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and low blood pressure. Single measurements are often unreliable due to diurnal rhythm and external factors like stress or medication. Consumer test kits (e.g., saliva-based) may offer clues but lack clinical validation for diagnosis. Evidence for self-testing is limited; any suspected cortisol disorder requires endocrinological workup with standardized lab methods. Always consult a physician before interpreting results or making health decisions.