What role does Östradiol play in menopause?

Estradiol, the primary form of estrogen, plays a central role in menopause. As ovarian function declines, estradiol production drops sharply, causing symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. Long-term deficiency increases risks for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estradiol can effectively alleviate symptoms and reduce fracture risk, but it also carries potential risks (e.g., breast cancer, thromboembolism) depending on dose, route, and individual health profile. The decision for HRT should be made with a physician. Importantly, a single hormone test (saliva or blood) is not reliable for diagnosing menopause because estradiol fluctuates with the menstrual cycle. Menopause is clinically defined as 12 months without menstruation. Consumer DNA tests claiming to analyze 'estradiol genes' lack clinical utility – genetics explains only a small fraction of hormone metabolism. Evidence: well-established physiology, but no specific studies from the provided context.