Evidence check: Pharmakogenetik Medicheck in the context of Sport

The evidence for pharmacogenetic testing in sports is mixed. While certain gene variants (e.g., CYP2D6, CYP2C9, VKORC1) can influence the metabolism of drugs like NSAIDs, beta-blockers, or caffeine, there is a lack of specific studies demonstrating a direct performance benefit or safety risk for athletes. Most findings come from clinical pharmacogenetics and have not been systematically validated in athletic populations. Additionally, many tested variants are population-specific and often have only moderate effect sizes. A standalone DNA test without accompanying blood level measurements or medical history can be misleading. In elite sports, doping regulations must also be considered – a genetic predisposition does not justify substance use outside permitted medication. Conclusion: Pharmacogenetics in sports is an emerging field, but current evidence does not support routine recommendations. A test may serve as supplementary information but should never be the sole basis for medication decisions.