SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) is a carrier protein for sex steroids like testosterone and estradiol, regulating their free, bioactive levels. In fertility contexts, SHBG can serve as a biomarker: low SHBG is often linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and PCOS, which impair female fertility. In men, SHBG affects testosterone bioavailability; imbalances may disrupt spermatogenesis. However, SHBG itself is not a direct therapeutic target. Lifestyle interventions that raise SHBG (weight loss, exercise, diet) may indirectly improve fertility by enhancing metabolic health. Evidence for direct SHBG-modulating drugs or supplements is insufficient. The evidence base is mainly observational and mechanistic; robust RCTs linking SHBG manipulation to fertility outcomes are lacking. Thus, SHBG is useful as a diagnostic marker but not as a standalone treatment. A comprehensive fertility workup by specialists is essential.
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