was sind tsh werte — what are common causes?

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates thyroid function. Common causes of elevated TSH (hypothyroidism) include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, certain medications (e.g., lithium, amiodarone), or inadequate thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Low TSH (hyperthyroidism) is often due to Graves' disease, thyroid autonomy, excessive thyroid hormone intake, or post-thyroiditis states. Non-thyroidal factors such as severe illness, fasting, or drugs (e.g., glucocorticoids, dopamine) can also alter TSH. The provided context does not contain information about TSH; this answer is based on general medical knowledge. Single gene variants (e.g., TNF) have no direct, clinically relevant effect on TSH levels. Abnormal TSH values should always be evaluated by a physician.