How are HLA-DQ2 and fertility related?

The provided context does not contain information directly linking HLA-DQ2 to fertility. In general medical knowledge, HLA-DQ2 is the primary genetic risk factor for celiac disease. Untreated celiac disease has been associated with reduced fertility, recurrent miscarriage, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, likely due to nutrient malabsorption (iron, folate, zinc) and systemic inflammation. A gluten-free diet appears to mitigate these risks in affected women. However, the evidence is largely observational, and not all HLA-DQ2 carriers develop celiac disease or fertility issues. The context here lacks specific studies or data on this relationship. Therefore, any answer must be conservative: HLA-DQ2 testing alone cannot predict fertility; it is only meaningful as part of a full celiac diagnostic workup (serology, biopsy). Evidence: unclear (no direct sources in context).