What role does SHBG play in Sport?

SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) regulates the bioavailability of testosterone and estrogen. In sports, it indirectly influences muscle growth, recovery, and performance. Low SHBG can increase free testosterone, potentially enhancing performance short-term, but is also linked to metabolic risks (e.g., insulin resistance). High SHBG reduces free androgen availability and may blunt anabolic responses. Individual SHBG levels are modulated by genetics, diet, body fat, and training status. A direct causal effect on athletic performance is not clearly established; evidence is mostly from association studies. Athletes should not interpret SHBG in isolation but together with total/free testosterone and clinical symptoms. Lab tests for SHBG are validated, but intra-individual variability is high. Note: No specific performance recommendation without medical supervision.