ist in reis gluten? — which blood markers matter?

Rice is naturally gluten-free because gluten is only found in wheat, rye, and barley. However, processed rice products (e.g., rice flakes, rice bread) may be cross-contaminated. For diagnosing celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, relevant blood markers include: tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG-IgA) as the first-line screening test, deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies (DGP-IgA/IgG), and endomysial antibodies (EMA). Additionally, HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotyping (HLA-DQB1) is used because specific variants (DQ2.5, DQ8) predispose to celiac disease. A negative HLA-DQ2/DQ8 virtually rules out celiac disease. Important: in IgA deficiency, IgG-based tests should be used. These blood markers are well-validated for celiac disease (evidence: human-strong), but for non-celiac gluten sensitivity no established markers exist. Self-testing without medical guidance can lead to misinterpretation.