Microbiome tests (e.g., stool analysis) claim to reveal gut bacteria composition and offer personalized diet advice, but their clinical utility is limited. Key limitations: (1) Results vary greatly depending on lab methods, sample handling, and daily fluctuations – reproducibility is poor. (2) No established reference range for a 'healthy' microbiome exists; individual variation is huge. (3) Most commercial tests rely on correlational studies, not causal evidence. (4) Recommendations (e.g., specific probiotics or diets) often lack robust RCT support. (5) Results may cause unnecessary anxiety or false reassurance. (6) Privacy concerns: data may be shared with third parties without clear consent. Evidence level: practice/mixed. Safety note: Do not use for self-diagnosis of medical conditions. Always consult a doctor for gastrointestinal symptoms.
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