What role does HbA1c play in Langlebigkeit?

HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) is a key biomarker reflecting average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months. In longevity research, a moderately low HbA1c (around 5.0–5.6 %) is considered favorable, as chronically elevated levels indicate impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes—both risk factors for cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and accelerated aging. The mechanism: excess glucose binds to proteins (glycation), forming Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) that damage collagen and elastin, promote inflammation, and impair cellular function. Studies show a U-shaped relationship: very low HbA1c (< 4.5 %) may also be linked to increased mortality, especially in older adults or those with malnutrition. Thus, a moderate target range is sensible. A DNA test alone cannot predict HbA1c; it only provides hints about genetic predispositions (e.g., TCF7L2, SIRT1). The most reliable measurement remains a blood test. For longevity, combining HbA1c control with diet, exercise, and avoidance of AGE-rich foods (e.g., heavily browned items) is evidence-based. Caveat: HbA1c can be skewed by anemia, kidney failure, or hemoglobin variants.