Zinc plays a supportive but not standalone role in sleep. It acts as a cofactor for melatonin synthesis and influences neurotransmitters like GABA that regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Some human studies link low zinc status to shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. However, the evidence is moderate: most data come from observational studies or small interventions, not large RCTs. Zinc deficiency can result from poor diet, certain medications, or chronic illness. Supplementation beyond dietary intake is only advisable if deficiency is confirmed—excessive zinc (above 25 mg/day long-term) can cause copper deficiency and neurological issues. A serum zinc test can help, but it has limitations. For improving sleep, a balanced diet, good sleep hygiene, and stress management are generally more effective than isolated zinc supplements. Evidence: human-moderate.
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