wie viele gene hat der mensch — what does this mean exactly?

The question 'How many genes does a human have?' is more nuanced than it appears. Early estimates ranged up to 100,000, but the Human Genome Project revealed about 20,000–25,000 protein-coding genes. However, the definition of 'gene' has expanded to include non-coding RNA genes, pseudogenes, and regulatory elements. Current annotations (e.g., GENCODE) list over 60,000 gene features including non-coding RNAs. The exact number depends on the criteria used. The question usually refers to protein-coding genes, but biological reality is more complex. Alternative splicing and long non-coding RNAs expand the functional repertoire. Thus the answer: approximately 20,000–25,000 protein-coding genes, but the total gene count is higher and not definitively fixed. Evidence is strong (Human Genome Project, GENCODE).