wie testet man eine glutenunverträglichkeit — what symptoms are typical?

The question about gluten intolerance (celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity) is not addressed in the provided context. Typical symptoms include chronic diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis), and in children, growth delay. Diagnosis follows a stepwise approach: first, a blood test for tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG-IgA) while on a gluten-containing diet, followed by a duodenal biopsy if positive. Genetic testing for HLA-DQ2/DQ8 can rule out celiac disease but cannot confirm it. Over-the-counter home tests are often unreliable and may lead to misdiagnosis. Crucially, gluten should not be eliminated before medical evaluation, as this can skew test results. Evidence: practice (medical guidelines).