What role does Magnesium play in fertility?

Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including hormone regulation, DNA repair, and oxidative stress reduction—all processes relevant to fertility. Observational studies suggest associations between low magnesium levels and reduced female fertility (e.g., impaired ovulation, higher miscarriage risk) as well as poorer sperm parameters in men. However, the evidence is largely mechanistic or based on small human studies; no large RCTs confirm a direct causal role. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests sometimes claim that variants in magnesium transporter genes (e.g., TRPM6) affect fertility, but the effect sizes are tiny and clinically insignificant. A balanced diet rich in magnesium (nuts, seeds, leafy greens) supports overall health, but routine supplementation for fertility is not supported by strong evidence unless a deficiency is confirmed. Caveat: Excessive magnesium can cause gastrointestinal side effects and interact with medications. Fertility issues require comprehensive medical evaluation, not just mineral supplementation.