Cortisol is a stress hormone that stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver and reduces insulin sensitivity. Chronically elevated cortisol levels often lead to higher blood sugar and increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Conversely, lowering cortisol – through stress management, sleep, exercise, or dietary adjustments – can improve blood sugar control. The evidence is human-strong, based on extensive clinical and physiological research. However, individual responses vary and depend on genetics (e.g., CRP variants) and lifestyle. A direct causal link between a single DNA variant and the cortisol–blood sugar axis is not sufficiently established. Measuring cortisol in saliva or blood can provide clues but does not replace medical evaluation for abnormal blood sugar levels.
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