was kostet eine blutuntersuchung auf vitamine und mineralstoffe — what are common causes?

The cost of a blood test for vitamins and minerals varies widely depending on the panel and laboratory. A basic check (e.g., vitamin D, B12, iron) typically costs €30–80, while an extended panel (all fat- and water-soluble vitamins plus trace elements) ranges from €80–150. Some health insurance covers costs if there is a justified suspicion. Common causes of deficiency include: inadequate intake (restrictive diets, veganism), impaired absorption (celiac disease, Crohn's disease, gastric bypass), increased demand (pregnancy, intense exercise, chronic inflammation), and medications (proton pump inhibitors, metformin). Important: A blood test measures current serum levels, not long-term body stores (e.g., for vitamin B12 or magnesium). Interpretation should always be done by a physician, as reference ranges vary individually. The evidence for routine micronutrient testing in asymptomatic individuals is debated – most guidelines do not recommend screening without symptoms. Caveat: High-dose supplementation without proven deficiency can be harmful (e.g., vitamin B6 neuropathy, calcium overload).