Evidence check: Insulin in the context of Blutzucker

Insulin is the primary hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. It is secreted by pancreatic beta cells in response to rising blood sugar and facilitates glucose uptake into muscle, fat, and liver cells. Impaired insulin action (insulin resistance) or insufficient insulin secretion leads to elevated blood glucose and is central to type 2 diabetes. Clinically, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and oral glucose tolerance tests are used to assess insulin sensitivity. Genetic variants (e.g., in TCF7L2, IRS1, PPARG) are associated with modestly increased risk of insulin resistance, but effect sizes are small. A direct-to-consumer DNA test for insulin resistance is not diagnostic and should not replace medical evaluation. The evidence for insulin's fundamental role in blood sugar control is strong, but the utility of single-gene variants for personalizing diet or lifestyle is moderate at best. Safety note: If you have abnormal blood sugar readings or symptoms of diabetes, consult a healthcare professional.