What role does Ferritin play in fertility?

Ferritin is the primary iron storage protein and a key biomarker for body iron reserves. In fertility, balanced ferritin levels play an indirect but meaningful role. Low ferritin (iron deficiency) can impair ovulation, reduce egg quality, and increase the risk of anovulatory cycles. Observational studies report higher prevalence of iron deficiency in women with unexplained infertility. Adequate iron stores are also critical for early pregnancy, supporting placental development and fetal growth. Conversely, elevated ferritin may indicate iron overload (e.g., hereditary hemochromatosis), which can cause oxidative stress and damage ovarian function, potentially reducing fertility. The evidence is largely observational and mechanistic; large randomized trials are lacking. Ferritin alone is not a standalone fertility marker—it must be interpreted alongside hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, and clinical history. A caution: iron supplementation without confirmed deficiency can be harmful. For fertility concerns, a comprehensive iron panel and medical evaluation are recommended.