Testosterone and fertility are closely linked, but the relationship is nuanced. Low endogenous testosterone can impair sperm production, yet exogenous testosterone (e.g., supplements, TRT) suppresses the LH/FSH axis and drastically reduces spermatogenesis – this is well-established in clinical practice. Genetic variants in the androgen receptor (AR) or SHBG gene can modestly affect testosterone bioavailability, but effect sizes are small. A DNA test (e.g., MyBody-X) may detect such variants, but it cannot replace blood work and semen analysis. Men trying to conceive should avoid testosterone supplementation without medical supervision and instead monitor LH, FSH, free testosterone, and estradiol. Lifestyle factors (weight, smoking, stress) have a far greater impact on fertility than common genetic markers. Evidence is mixed: strong for the suppressive effect of exogenous testosterone, weak for direct genetic prediction of fertility outcomes.
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