was ist histamin — what are common causes?

Histamine is a biogenic amine that acts as a tissue hormone and neurotransmitter. It is stored mainly in mast cells and basophils and released during allergic reactions, inflammation, or tissue injury. Common causes of histamine release include: 1) allergens (pollen, pet dander, foods), 2) direct histamine liberators (e.g., strawberries, alcohol, certain drugs), 3) reduced histamine breakdown due to inhibition or deficiency of the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) – caused by alcohol, medications, or genetic variants. Additionally, fermented foods (cheese, sauerkraut, wine) and aged products can contain exogenous histamine. Symptoms of histamine intolerance mimic allergies: headache, flushing, diarrhea, palpitations. Importantly, a histamine 'test' from DNA or blood is not a substitute for medical diagnosis. Evidence for genetic predisposition (e.g., DAO gene variants) is moderate and heavily confounded by lifestyle. If histamine intolerance is suspected, keep a food diary and consult a physician.