What should I know about vitamin k3 was du wirklich wissen musst#wichtigste erkenntnisse?

Vitamin K3 (menadione) is a synthetic form of vitamin K not recommended for human consumption. Unlike natural K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone), K3 can induce oxidative stress in cells and has been linked to liver toxicity and hemolytic anemia. It is banned for human use in the EU and USA as a dietary supplement, though it is still used in animal feed. Human studies are scarce and outdated, showing no clear benefit-risk balance. EFSA has not established a tolerable upper intake level (UL) for K3 because it is considered unsafe. Consumers should choose K1 or K2 supplements if needed. Claims that K3 is 'more effective' lack robust evidence and are based on animal or mechanistic data. Key takeaway: Vitamin K3 is potentially toxic and should be avoided. For blood clotting or bone health, K1 and K2 are safe alternatives.