Pharmacogenetics can be useful for sleep in specific contexts, particularly regarding metabolism of sleep medications or melatonin. Genes like CYP2D6, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4 influence drug breakdown, affecting efficacy and side effects. However, evidence for routine use in sleep disorders is limited. Most studies are observational or GWAS, not large RCTs. Moreover, insomnia is often driven by psychological, behavioral, and environmental factors rather than genetics alone. A pharmacogenetic test may provide clues but does not replace clinical evaluation. Be cautious of overblown marketing claims: a DNA test alone will not fix sleep problems. Clinical practice remains the gold standard. Evidence: human-moderate (for specific genes) to mixed (for overall utility).
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