wie testet man glutenunverträglichkeit — what symptoms are typical?

Testing for gluten intolerance depends on the specific condition. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder diagnosed via blood tests (tissue transglutaminase IgA, endomysial antibodies) and confirmed by duodenal biopsy. Genetic testing for HLA-DQ2/DQ8 can rule out celiac disease but is not diagnostic alone. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) has no reliable biomarker; diagnosis is by exclusion after ruling out celiac and wheat allergy, and by symptom improvement on a gluten-free diet. Typical symptoms across all forms include bloating, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, headaches, joint pain, and skin issues. Wheat allergy is IgE-mediated and tested via skin prick or specific IgE blood tests. Important: Do not start a gluten-free diet before testing, as it can lead to false negatives. Consumer DNA tests for gluten intolerance are not clinically validated and may cause confusion. Evidence is based on clinical practice guidelines. Always consult a gastroenterologist for proper evaluation.