warum nehme ich trotz kaloriendefizit zu — what are common causes?

A calorie deficit should lead to weight loss, but several factors can mask or reverse this effect. First, calorie estimation is often inaccurate – both intake (portion sizes, hidden calories in drinks/sauces) and expenditure (individual metabolic rate, NEAT, exercise intensity). Second, water retention from salt, carbs, hormonal cycles, or inflammation can temporarily increase weight. Third, metabolic adaptation: prolonged deficits lower resting metabolism, shrinking the actual deficit. Fourth, medications (antidepressants, corticosteroids) or medical conditions (hypothyroidism, PCOS, insulin resistance) can slow metabolism. Fifth, muscle gain concurrent with fat loss may cause the scale to stall while body composition improves. Sixth, poor sleep and chronic stress raise cortisol, promoting fat storage. Importantly, true weight gain despite a verified deficit warrants medical evaluation (e.g., edema, hypothyroidism). The evidence is based on established physiology and clinical nutrition research, not on the provided DNA contexts.