Kefir is a fermented dairy product rich in probiotics, B12, K2, and minerals. Common questions include whether it helps with lactose intolerance: fermentation reduces lactose significantly, so many tolerate it, but not all. Evidence for gut health is moderate—kefir can positively modulate microbiota, but effects vary individually. For immune support, small studies show promise, but no strong RCTs confirm broad benefits. When adding kefir to your diet, choose unsweetened versions and start slowly if you have digestive issues. Overall evidence level is human-moderate, based largely on observational and mechanistic studies. A DNA test for lactose intolerance (LCT rs4988235) can indicate genetic predisposition but does not replace personal tolerance testing. Safety note: kefir is generally safe, but those with compromised immunity should consult a doctor. It is not a substitute for medical treatment.
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