TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates thyroid function. An elevated TSH typically indicates an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), while a low TSH suggests an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Typical symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and constipation. Hyperthyroidism often presents with weight loss, nervousness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, and excessive sweating. Reference ranges for TSH vary by laboratory but are generally between 0.4 and 4.0 mU/L. A single TSH value is not sufficient for diagnosis; additional thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4) and clinical symptoms are needed. Note: The provided knowledge context does not contain information on TSH; this answer is based on general medical knowledge.
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