Ferritin is a protein that stores iron and is the key lab marker for assessing iron reserves. Low ferritin (<30 µg/L) indicates iron deficiency, which can cause fatigue, brain fog, and pallor. High ferritin (>200 µg/L in women, >300 µg/L in men) may signal iron overload (e.g., hereditary hemochromatosis), inflammation, liver disease, or malignancy. Crucially, ferritin is an acute-phase reactant – it rises during infections or chronic inflammation, so a high value does not always mean excess iron. A DNA test (e.g., for HFE mutations) can estimate genetic risk for hemochromatosis but cannot replace a blood test. Clinical practice guidelines recommend interpreting ferritin together with CRP, transferrin saturation, and complete blood count. If deficiency is suspected, the underlying cause (e.g., blood loss, diet) should be investigated. Iron supplementation without confirmed deficiency is risky (overload, oxidative stress). The evidence here is based on established medical practice, not on the provided context.
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